Quantitative Research

Quantitative research, in contrast to qualitative research, deals with data that are numerical or that can be converted into numbers. The basic methods used to investigate numerical data are called ‘statistics’. Statistical techniques are concerned with the organisation, analysis, interpretation and presentation of numerical data. Statistics is a huge area of study with wide application across many disciplines, including information systems and other areas of information research.

The objective of a quantitative research study is to determine the relationship between an independent variable and an outcome or dependent variable within a population. Quantitative research methods may include a sample population research study and multiple choice or closed ended questions administered. Quantitative research is the research method type the social sciences most often utilize

Characteristics:

·       Numerical data is collected through structured and standardized research instruments, such as surveys, questionnaires, and experiments.

·       Large sample size is used to increase the reliability and generalizability of the findings.

·       Statistical analysis is used to test hypotheses and draw conclusions about a population.

·       Research methods like questionnaires, polls, and surveys are used to conduct quantitative research.

·       The goal is to determine the relationship of one thing to another within a population.

Disadvantages:

• • Superficiality
  
  Using precise and restrictive
  operational definitions may inadequately represent complex concepts. For example, the concept of mood may be represented with just a number in quantitative research, but explained with elaboration in qualitative research.
  • Lack of context

  Quantitative research often uses unnatural settings like laboratories or fails to consider historical and cultural contexts that may affect data collection and results.